USUAL INTERPRETATION OF PREDICTION RESULTS IS BASED ON THE PA VALUES. IF PA > 0.7 THE CHANCE TO FIND THE ACTIVITY IN EXPERIMENT IS HIGH, BUT IN MANY CASES THE COMPOUND MAY OCCUR TO BE THE CLOSE ANALOGUE OF KNOWN PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS. IF 0.5 < PA < 0.7 THE CHANCE TO FIND THE ACTIVITY IN EXPERIMENT IS LESS, BUT THE COMPOUND IS NOT SO SIMILAR TO KNOWN PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS. IF PA < 0.5 THE CHANCE TO FIND THE ACTIVITY IN EXPERIMENT IS EVEN MORE LESS, BUT IF IT WILL BE CONFIRMED THE COMPOUND MIGHT OCCUR TO BE A NEW CHEMICAL ENTITY [1]. IN THIS STUDY THE PASS (PREDICTION OF ACTIVITY SPECTRA FOR SUBSTANCES) SOFTWARE PRODUCT, WHICH PREDICTS MORE THAN 2000 PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS ON THE BASIS OF THE STRUCTURAL FORMULA OF A SUBSTANCE, MAY BE EFFICIENTLY USED TO FIND NEW TARGETS (MECHANISMS) FOR SOME LIGANDS AND CONVERSELY, TO REVEAL NEW LIGANDS FOR SOME BIOLOGICAL TARGETS. THE ENZYMES THAT PRODUCE PROSTAGLANDINS ARE CALLED CYCLOOXYGENASES (COX). COX-2 INHIBITORS ARE CURRENTLY BEING STUDIED IN BREAST CANCER [2] AND APPEAR TO BE BENEFICIAL [3]. PREDICTION OF COX AND COX-2 ACTIVITIES WAS CARRIED OUT THAT WAS USEFUL BECAUSE THESE DRUGS (WITH PA > 0.8) HAVE A HIGHEST SELECTIVELY BLOCK THE COX-2 ENZYME. IN THIS INVESTIGATION, A SET OF 58 DRUGS WAS STUDIED. ON THE BASIS OF PREDICTED BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY SPECTRA NEW LEAD STRUCTURES (3, 6, 11, 16, 27, 28, 40, 57 AND 58) WERE DISCOVERED WITH THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES.

BACKGROUND: PASS SOFTWARE PREDICTS THE PROBABILITY OF BIOLOGICAL PROPERTY AND NOT BIOLOGICAL PROPERTY. THE ACCURACY OF PREDICTION FOR THOUSANDS OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS BY PASS IS ABOUT 85% [1]. THE PASS PREDICTION RESULTS FOR A COMPOUND ARE PRESENTED AS A LIST OF ACTIVITY NAMES AND PROBABILITY ACTIVITY (PA) VALUES. THE PA VALUES ARE INTERPRETED AS: IF PA>0.7, 0.5<PA<0.7 AND PA<0.5, THEN THE CHANCE OF FINDING THIS ACTIVITY IN THE EXPERIMENTS IS HIGH, LESS AND EVEN LESS, RESPECTIVELY [2].METHODS: A PORTION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY SPECTRA OF THE RABEPRAZOLE (2-({[4-(3-METHOXYPROPOXY)-3-METHYLPYRIDIN-2-YL] METHANE}SULFINYL)-1H-1, 3-BENZODIAZOLE) IS GIVEN IN TABLE 1. ACCORDING TO THE BENEATHTABLE PA VALUES ARE SHOWN FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND SIDE EFFECTS & TOXICITY.

CONTEXT-BASED LOSSLESS IMAGE COMPRESSION SCHEMES USE 180° TYPE MODELING CONTEXTS IN ONE PASS SCANNING AN IMAGE. IN THIS PAPER, A LOSSLESS IMAGE COMPRESSION (LIC) SCHEME IS INTRODUCED AND FOR CAPTURING HIGH-ORDER DEPENDENCIES, STATISTICAL FEATURES AND SPATIAL CONFIGURATION OF AN IMAGE, THREEPASS SCHEME WITH 360° TYPE MODELING CONTEXTS IS PROPOSED. LINEAR AND NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PIXELS IN A CONTEXT ARE USED FOR CONTEXT DETERMINATION. ALSO THE THREE-PASS ALGORITHM IS APPLIED TO JPEG-LS STANDARD, AND FOR CONTEXT DETERMINATION, LOCAL GRADIENTS OF INTENSITY CAPTURING THE LEVEL OF ACTIVITY (SMOOTHNESS, EDGINESS) SURROUNDING A PIXEL, IS EMPLOYED. FOR IMAGES WITH SMALL DIMENSIONS THREE-PASS SCHEMES AND FOR LARGE DIMENSIONS ONE-PASS SCHEMES RESULT IN HIGHER COMPRESSION RATIOS.